Ankle sprain
What is an ankle sprain?
An ankle sprain is an injury to the ligaments in the ankle. Ligaments are strong bands of tissue that hold bones together and help keep the ankle stable. An ankle sprain occurs when the ligaments are stretched or torn.
Sprains are extremely common injuries. There are several different ways that an ankle sprain can occur. Some common causes of ankle sprains include tripping, falling, or landing on the ankle in an awkward way, causing the foot to twist. These injuries are very common with contact sports, but can occur even with a minor stumble. The severity of an ankle sprain can vary, with some being mild and others being more severe.
Diagnosis and X-ray
To diagnose an ankle sprain, a history of how the injury occurred and a physical examination are necessary. The foot and ankle are carefully checked for swelling, bruising and tenderness. A sprain and a fracture are often impossible to tell apart without an X-ray to look at the condition of the bones and joints.
Treatment
Treatment for an ankle sprain depends on the severity of the injury. For mild sprains, treatment may include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) and symptoms typically improve over a period of 2-6 weeks. Resting the ankle can help reduce swelling and allow the ligaments to heal. Applying ice to the ankle can also help reduce swelling and numb the area to reduce pain. Wearing a compression bandage or wrap can help support the ankle and reduce swelling. Elevating the ankle can also help reduce swelling.
If the ankle sprain is more severe, or if the ligaments are completely torn, treatment may include physical therapy, bracing, or even surgery. It may initially not be possible to put weight on the ankle and crutches may be necessary. After the injury has improved over a few weeks, physical therapy can help strengthen the muscles and ligaments in the ankle, which can help improve stability and reduce the risk of future sprains. Wearing a brace or special boot can also help support the ankle and protect it from further injury. In rare cases, surgery may be needed to repair the damaged ligaments.
Overall, it is important to seek medical attention if you think you may have an ankle sprain. If you cannot put weight on the ankle, or notice severe swelling or deformity, please get urgently evaluated for potentially a more serious injury. The earlier the injury is treated, the better the chances of a full recovery.
